A Sustainable Business in Our Changing Landscape Research Paper

A Sustainable Business in Our Changing Landscape - Research Paper Example The association has presented different items up till now and is consistently on the forefront for exploiting all the most recent mechanical discoveries that happen all inclusive. The methodology of enhancement has demonstrated to be fruitful for the organization, and it is apparent from its persistently expanding exhibition. The difficult period of the association was the point at which it was sued for doing dishonest advertising exercises †it was accepted that the organization constrained its providers to gracefully the crude materials just to it. Other test experienced was the infringement of hostile to serious system, and it was clear from the company’s strategies of getting monopolistic situation in the market. A short time later, the earth was turning out to be harder and increasingly serious, and, directly, all organizations are confronting quick changes occurring in the business condition. A portion of the significant changes, as featured by Witiw (2007), that are going on in the unpredictable condition of today are the accompanying: worldwide financial downturn is going on at a quicker pace; the economy of a nation is seriously affected by the disappointments of the associations, by catastrophic events and fear based oppressor assaults; top administration needs the employees’ supports to improve the presentation; practices of the customers are changing, and youngsters are watched utilizing PCs and other mechanical devices at a beginning period; providers of the nation are affected by the creation offices move to China and India; cataclysmic events have been happening at an expanding rate over the world; and viciousness is spilling from society to different schools, universities and working environments. Hence, the most ideal method of leading business exercises nowadays is to utilize the online apparatuses so the organizations can react to consumers’ requests proactively. The pattern of moving from conventional methods of main taining the business undertakings to online direct offering to the clients is obvious †the techniques embraced by Dell, Nokia, Apple, HP and numerous different organizations are the models. In this manner, the best apparatus for Microsoft Corporation is to do e-advertising and grow great and a powerful e-promoting plan. A Sustainable Business in a Changing Landscape Introduction Internet has reformed the manner in which associations work together nowadays and it has facilitated plentiful exercises for the business. Presently, organizations can do each action with not many snaps, and they simply need to stay very much educated about the innovative progressions that are going on nowadays. The associations must plan their business goals and procedures such that they exploit enhancements gave by the web (Smith and Chaffey, 2005). Moreover, web has opened differing scope of roads for organizations to lead their exercises and the best open door given to organizations is that of e-sho wcasing (Rossi et al., 2007). So as to guarantee that organizations can make due in such an intense and serious condition, they should create procedures that will assist them with winning the customers’

Lease Essay free essay sample

Destinations and key issue of DE-242 The updated DE is planned to improve the quality and likeness of monetary porting by giving a more prominent straightforwardness about the influence, the benefit that an element utilized in its tasks, and the hazard to which it is uncovered from going into rent exchanges (SAAB DE-242, 2013). Renter Accounting The DE needs all leases to be perceived as right-of-utilization resources and rent liabilities, with the exception of present moment leases.SAAB 11 7 just requires fund leases to be perceived on proclamations. This exposition will concentrate on residents and perceiving working leases on fiscal summaries as the DE influences them the most. Introduction of Statements Financial articulations will incorporate more lines of things because of underwriting working leases. Things incorporate right-of-utilization resource, rent risk, intrigue cost and amortization. This guarantees quantitative data is given to choice makers.Disclosures Additional subjective data, for example, depictions of leases is to be remembered for articulations because of the mind-boggling intricacy for clients to comprehend components, for example, how factor rent installments are resolved. Improved revelations will help clients to comprehend the extra data to be introduced on proclamations. Impacts of DE-242 Recognizing working leases Current circumstance Operating leases are an approach to keep away from on-monetary record obligation to offer money related expressions look all the more engaging (F;libber, Silva Fertility, 2006, p. 1).Beauties, Goodyear and Thomson (2000) evaluated that working leases were roughly multiple times bigger than account leases. The appreciation for characterize rents as working is the capacity to control proportions and consequently increment fund openings (Leo, Hogget Sweating, 2012, p. 343) (Hartman Same, 1989, for example, low-intrigue advances. Duke, Whish and Us (2009) rented an examination on capitalization of working leases and found that organizations shrouded billions Of dollars Of liabilities, upgraded held profit, salary and proportions by revealing leases as operating.Effects of promoting working leases The impacts of the DE are inquired about to check the effect of the progressions and the convenience of the new data gave to the client. Canadian examinations brought about the acknowledgment of extra resources and liabilities on the accounting report, expanding the obligation resource proportion and diminishing current proportion (Drencher, 201 0, up. 227-256). New Zealand concentrates on materiality showed impacts on announced liabilities, consequently influencing influence. It likewise indicated diminishes in liquidity and productivity (Bennett Bradbury, 2003, p. 1 12).US investigations were done and revealed back to the FAST looking at different rent capitalization strategies on five US partnerships. The examination sums up that on account of the important presumptions to free enterprise rents, the capitalization must be considered a gauge, so insofar as organizations are not required to reveal the genuine parameters (Biostatic, Evanescent Coffee, 2013, p. 98). The DE will evacuate estimation vulnerabilities and furnish clients with a precise picture of the companys resources and risk commitments. It will likewise furnish experts with data that will empower educated choices on the companys worth.However, underwriting working leases causes changes in value which will influence speculator and lender choices concerning whether to fund a firm in view of the expanded hazard being surveyed (Beauties et al. , 2006, p. 82). Be that as it may, this permits clients to appropriately evaluate an organizations genuine gainfulness, obligation and hazard levels when choosing if putting resources into the firm will lead o positive returns. Fiscal report introduction Balance sheets For the two kinds of leases, a right-of-utilization resource and rent risk is to be recorded. Working leases already just should have been expensed, in this manner deceiving clients about the organizations productivity by exaggerating return-on-resources and downplaying obligation value proportions (Tat, 2013, p. 128). Previous SAAB executive, David Tweeted, discovered billions of dollars worth of leases don't show up on accounting reports obstructing clients to settle on educated choices. The SAAB and FIRS accept that distinguishing the connection between right-of-utilization resources and simplicity liabilities from the rent understanding gives valuable data to clients (Ernst Young, 2013, p. 55) in light of the fact that rented resources are utilized comparatively to possessed assets.Capitalizing right-of-utilization resources permits clients to distinguish resources that assume a job in benefit rumination and liabilities owing improving steadfast portrayal in exposures. Information, Lippie and Wright (1993, p. 362) found when attempting to decide roughness in an organizations shares, financial exchange speculators join working leases to help their choice. Viably, financial specialists who recently didn't approach such data will currently be given it. Be that as it may, expanding resources and liabilities will bring about lower return-on-resources (joining amortization) and higher obligation value ratios.Firms with a lot of working leases will confront gigantic variances on fiscal reports (Tat, 2013, p. 1 30) which will contrarily influence chiefs to put resources into the firm. P explanations Type A leases require rent related amortization and intrigue costs caused to be appeared on two separate lines. For instance, amortization, for example, lease cost, share unexpected attributes in comparison to intrigue cost along these lines it is intelligent to isolate them. Lease cost is amortized against the obligation while intrigue cost shows clients the hazard return exchange off.Currently, rent related liabilities are just expensed. The new proposition will supplant costs with amortization and intrigue cost along these lines affecting EBITDA (PWS, 2010, p. 1) bringing about expanded obligation value proportions and lower return-on-resources because of overall gain diminishing and all out resources expanding (Maharanis, 2011 , up. 64-65). The individual increments and diminishes give clients increasingly exact data on influence, hazard and benefit proportions since residents should record amortization, balancing he right-of-utilization resource, and intrigue expense.Currently, recording them as one line of cost infers to clients that advantages are rented chance free. Income proclamations Cash installments for Type A leases are to be introduced in Financing Activities. This shows clients how renters mean to fund the securing of right-of-utilization resources. Type B rent installments are to be introduced in Operating Activities. This ought to reflect how the tenant intends to pay the rent obligation Of the advantage. (Ernst youthful, 201 3, p. 4) The obtaining of a right-of-utilization resource will make an expansion in working money inflows because of the benefit being utilized in the creation procedure of merchandise, bringing about income. By underwriting working leases, clients can now precisely decide return-on-resources and obligation value proportions. Income proclamations are valuable for clients to distinguish how much cash a firm has and the amount they can get. On the off chance that uncial proclamation revelations Lessee bookkeeping Devilries and Midfielder (2013, p. 1) call attention to inadequacies of AS-1 7 under the theoretical structure, for example, inadequate divulgences Of elements renting activities.The DE sets out new revelation prerequisites of the compromises f sums perceived in the announcement of money related position, development investigation of limited rent installments, and account exposures about leases like data about the variable rent installments. (Ernst Young, 201 3, up. 56-57). Some money related proportions might be adjusted since there are changes in the way of guaranteeing chiefs comprehend the diagram of renting exercises, for example, mirroring the right-of-utilization resource and the rent risk (Devilries Midfielder, 2013, p. 656).New York Universitys examines thought about the impacts of capitalization of working leases bringing about lower overall gain because of intrigue and amortization, obligation proportions expanding and lower return-on-value. Along these lines the new prerequisites will build the measure of data unveiled about rented resources and liabilities, including data about the premise, terms and conditions on deciding variable rent installments, leftover worth assurances and limitations forced by leases, which can improve the dependability and naturally of the fiscal report for the clients.

Is Ritalin Addictive

Is Ritalin Addictive Addiction Drug Use Print How Ritalin Can Be Addictive Why abusing this stimulant drug used to treat ADHD can lead to addiction By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Richard Seagraves / Getty Images Ritalin is widely prescribed for both children and adults who have ADHD, but it also has the potential for abuse â€" begging the question, Is Ritalin addictive???  Unfortunately, the answer isnt a simple one. Heres why.   How Ritalin Works Ritalin, also known as methylphenidate, is a stimulant drug thats commonly used to treat attention problems in both adults and children, many of whom have described the effects of the drug positively. It works predominantly by increasing a neurotransmitter called dopamine in the brain. Among other functions, dopamine is associated with pleasure, movement, and attention. When taken in larger doses than prescribed, Ritalin produces euphoria, increasing the potential for addiction in some individuals.?? Adderall, an amphetamine, is also often prescribed for ADHD and works similarly to Ritalin. Stimulant drugs are typically abused to enhance performance by speeding up mental processing and physical responses, to experience euphoria or to suppress appetite. They may appeal to people with eating disorders, food addiction  or problems with obesity, because of the appetite-suppressant and energy-releasing effects. Teens report that it helps their academic performance and some parents are even condoning it.  People who take drugs for these reasons may have emotional vulnerabilities that could potentially contribute to addiction. The Importance of Adhering to Prescribed Use If taken according to the prescribed dosage,  Ritalin is generally not considered to be addictive. As there is no set dose of Ritalin, and the dosage usually starts low and is increased until ADHD symptoms are controlled, the prevalence of addiction to Ritalin is not known. A survey of 12th graders, however, indicated that more than 3% admitted taking Ritalin without a prescription in the past year.?? Ritalin can be a gateway drug for some people, who go on to take other drugs. Taking Ritalin can also create early experiences of drug dealing for some students. And if the drug is taken in higher doses, or through routes that intensify the effects â€" such as snorting the drug through the nose or injecting it  â€"  the risk of addiction increases. Side Effects of Ritalin Although Ritalin is generally considered safe, there are several unpleasant side effects as well as potential longer-term medical effects. These  include:??   InsomniaNervousnessHeadacheDecreased appetiteAbdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptomsCardiovascular side effects (tachycardia and palpitations)Minor increases in blood pressure Some critics of the medications approach to treating ADHD have argued that the risks of side effects are unacceptable, and that prescriptions of Ritalin, Adderall, and other drugs are inappropriate for children  particularly in the widespread fashion in which they are prescribed in the USA â€" when the behavior being targeted may often simply reflect a lack of suitable outlets for childhood energy rather than pathology. Options for ADHD Treatment Although medications are typically the first line of treatment offered to control the symptoms of ADHD, Ritalin and other drugs are not the only effective treatment for ADHD. And different medical groups have somewhat varying recommendations. In the U.K, for example, the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines advise that only children with severe ADHD symptoms should be considered for medication as the first line of treatment. Stimulants can also be considered in less-severe cases for those who dont respond to psychotherapeutic approaches. Non-drug treatments for ADHD include a range of social, psychological and behavioral interventions. Most of these interventions involve working directly with the child, but some involve parents, guardians, and teachers. Dietary interventions may also be helpful when particular foods aggravate hyperactivity.?? For example,  neurotherapy  has been shown in studies to be an effective, long-term, drug-free option for attentional disorders.?? Parents are often confused by the use of stimulants to calm down a child with ADHD. The exact mechanism of this is complex and not entirely known, but stimulants improve attention and functioning of the frontal cortex in the brain, allowing better regulation of behavior and impulsivity.

Internal Sources Of Finance Are Inside The Business

Internal sources of finance are inside the business and are made from the company itself by the services they provide, such as selling stock or keeping back a profit. External sources of finance are from outside of the business from elsewhere, such as an owner who invests money into the business, loans from a bank or people you know, debentures which are loans made to the company, a mortgage, hire purchase, leasing or grants. However these are long term external sources, some short term ones could include an overdraft facility, trade credits or factoring. Internal sources of finance Retained profit The percentage of the earnings made and kept by the company which can be used to pay any debts or be reinvested in the business, however it’s†¦show more content†¦Also in small business organisations profits and losses are passed through their shareholders and then they can create negative retained earnings as well. All of these problems could eventually lead a business into bankruptcy. Another drawback is the fact that the money could have been invested elsewhere therefore earning a higher profit. Savings The money a company had before or have made from the business and has been kept as a resource. This is related to Boohoo.com because they would keep savings in the case of an emergency arising meaning that if something unexpected occurred they wouldn’t be worrying on how to solve it, they could just take money out of their savings to resolve the dilemma. Advantages – This is a beneficial idea for a business because there will be interest rates added to your savings and because there are competitive interest rates between banks there could be an offer for a savings with bonus interest, which will ultimately increase the amount of money Boohoo.com will have as a resource within the organisation. Disadvantages – However the disadvantages of having savings is that the money is often tied up for a long period of time meaning that it can’t be accessed without large consequences and if your account doesn’t have a fixed rate the interest can reduce over time and it could

Development Of Nuclear Energy Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 838 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Energy Industry Essay Level High school Tags: Nuclear Energy Essay Did you like this example? The demand for energy is ever increasing, as countries continue to develop and modernize, the need for power increases. Around the globe, the most common source of energy is mainly generated through the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. A smaller percentage of this includes hydroelectric power from rivers and dams, and nuclear power. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Development Of Nuclear Energy Industry" essay for you Create order In the United States alone, 20% of electrical energy is being produced by nuclear reactors [1]. As of right now, the US has 98 nuclear power plants operating in 30 of its states and is the largest producer of electrical energy by nuclear power in the world [1]. The generation of electricity through nuclear power is the safest alternative and is beneficial for the United States to increase its reliance on it, as well as removing the stigma around nuclear power. When the general public hears the words nuclear power it is not uncommon for the idea of war, destruction, and danger to come into mind. It should be known that nuclear power today is not only about the creation of atomic bombs but about the necessary production of electricity. Generating power through nuclear energy proves to be less detrimental to our environment that is growing more fragile and has become an important alternative to using up the worlds natural resources. Fossil fuels are still our main source of energy but is extremely ecologically destructive through (1) mining, (2) air pollution, (3) greenhouse gas emissions, and (4) water pollution[2]. Each year, 23 billion tons of carbon dioxide is put into our atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels [3]. To put in perspective the benefits of nuclear power on the reduction of carbon emission into the atmosphere, 2.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions have already been reduced just from the nuclear power plants in operation today, instead of traditional fossil fuel power plants. That is 11% of the total carbon dioxide emissions [4]. All these harmful effects contribute to global warming and the changing climate of our planet. Nuclear power is a far more efficient and environmentally friendly source compared to fossil fuels due to the fact that it creates a larger amount of energy from uranium per gram than that of oil or coal and releases no greenhouse gases into the atmosphere [5]. A prime example of nuclear powers potential lies to the north of the United States, in Canada. In 50 years of using nuclear power, not a single incident have occurred that resulted in the fatality of an individual due to radiation exposure. This was achieved through the many safety systems that are in place at the nuclear power generation plants which addresses common problems of human error in the operation, maintenance, and response procedures of the plants. As well as other risks, such as equipment failure and natural disasters. Natural disasters are great threats to nuclear power plants, in the case of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, waves generated from a high magnitude earthquake caused the shutdown of backup generator, which eventually let to malfunction of cooling systems and overheating of fuel rods (https://www.britannica.com/event/Fukushima-accident.) These incidents could be prevented with the proper safety protocols and building power plants that are able to resp ond to situations such as this one, as well as a well trained team that is ready to respond and adapt to different threats. Furthermore, nuclear power plants are designed to contain the radioactive emissions if an accident were to occur and prevent any radiation from leaking out of the facilities. It is empirical that nuclear power is the safest form of power generation. More people have died from air pollution from coal and petroleum forms of power generation than nuclear power, at a rate of almost 30 deaths per TWh for coal, and 17 deaths per TWh for petroleum. Compared to nuclear powers 0 deaths per TWh. There were no fatalities from the largest nuclear accident in the US, which was Three Mile Island, as well as the most recent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. The most famous case of Chernobyl caused less than 50 deaths in the past 30 years. (https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2018/06/11/if-nuclear-power-is-so-safe-why-are-we-so-afraid-of-it/#42719a0a6385). When these numbers are compared to fossil fuel air pollution fatalities, it is clear that nuclear power generation is the more viable, economical, and logical solution to our power generation demand. Moreover, nuclear power has the potential to grow tremendously as a field, which will be proven beneficial to the economy. Extracting energy from nuclear reactions is a very complex and sometimes dangerous job, meaning the employees working to extract nuclear energy must be highly skilled in order to meet these demands. Due to these reasons, nuclear energy is one of the most high-paying jobs in the world. According to The Nuclear Energy Institute, the starting salary for nuclear engineers is around $65,000 and can go over $100,000. The nuclear energy industry creates lasting, high-paying jobs for people from a wide range of fields and educational backgrounds, not just engineers. People are recruited to the nuclear energy industry from universities, community colleges, and the military, p roviding high-quality jobs to the whole community.

I Am From Free Essays

I’m from â€Å"Let’s eat! † and â€Å"Man I sure am stuffed† Cheesy chicken spaghetti and rich death by chocolate. Burned bacon and slimy squash given to the dog to avoid eating. I’m from pineapple cheese pizza with caramelized pineapples atop And creamy chicken Alfredo with delicious golden strands of pasta. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am From or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’m from nana’s homemade brownies and double chocolate chip cookies Stirred slowly and mixed with a â€Å"secret† recipe and baked with ark chocolate shavings For special occasions such as 4th of July parties and birthdays. FAMILY/MUSIC I’m from a song shared with Shelby. Air Guitar is our main profession. Driving in circles with the windows down Just to find the perfect song to live to Until we were pulled over for screaming the lyrics to We Can’t Stop. I’m from Mac Miller blaring through my headphones and car speakers. I’m from Linkin Park. The Lumineers A Day to Remember And always: Maroon 5. Until I grew older and closer to God, and discovered TobyMac. I’m from a brown playful puggle we named Slade; Being lazy and sleeping on any soft surface in 2003. I’m from Alice, the playful powerful puppy. And Daisy our loveable Boston terrier Who chewed up all my socks with her sharp puppy teeth. And unfortunately had to be put down when my step brother was born.I’m from drinking hazelnut coffee beside Shelby on my front porch. Or near the sounds of the waterfall from the creek behind her house. I’m from Heather Hannel in Columbus, Ohio where horses run wild. Silly laughs and precious secrets shared between us. Heathers kindness and guidance Help me through life. I’m trom dreaming And living And my red 2001 Chevy Cavalier. I’m from The Voice And the Carroll family. I’m from wishing and playing and working at ArbVs. Like making roast beef sandwiches. And working with my best friend, Shelby. I’m from stormy Forks, Washington Beautiful Paris, Extravagant England, Exhilarating Disney World. I’m from here. Now. Face-timing my friend and typing my poem. How to cite I Am From, Papers

Looking for Work free essay sample

In Gary Soto’s essay, â€Å"Looking for Work† he explains his fascination with the â€Å"perfect family† as a child. He watches television shows and wants his lower-class Mexican-American family to be a typical middle-class â€Å"white† family. In order for his family to achieve this he believes that money and wealth are the answer. Gary then goes around the block to find little jobs he can do. He gets some money and then meets up with his best friend Little John who wants to look for work too. Gary then recalls how Little John’s mother got angry about how her son was asking for work. Dinner time rolls around and he thinks about one television show comparing it to his family. He suggests to his mother about serving some more expensive food and dressing up for dinner from now on. Gary’s ideas being ignored he is sent outside with his siblings and looks for work trying so hard to become wealthy. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay portrays how many first generation Americans feel about society. They believe that in order to succeed in America it is important to leave your heritage behind to become â€Å"white† and blend in. As if your heritage was a handicap and that you constantly have to try harder than everyone else to prove something. Being Filipino-American I am not exempt from this feeling. The media has played a big part in what I deemed normal as a child. I watched many television shows where families ate bread and dressed nice to dinner. Unlike my family which ate rice every night and wore slippers to the table. At a young age I was embarrassed of what made me special. Social interaction with other children even made me think twice about who I wanted to be. I always felt I was never invited to some of my friend’s houses because I was Filipino. This made me try harder to win the affection and friendship of my classmates. This essay expresses the feelings that many first generation Americans experience on their road to acceptance.

Concept Map Tuberculosis Essay Example Essay Example

Concept Map Tuberculosis Essay Example Paper Concept Map Tuberculosis Essay Introduction Schiffman, George. (07, 2011). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. medicinenet. com/tuberculosis/page4. htm Tuberculosis. (01, 2013). Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs Vyas, Jatin M. (11, 2012). Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/ Schiffman, George. (07, 2011). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. medicinenet. com/tuberculosis/page4. htm Tuberculosis. (01, 2013). Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs Vyas, Jatin M. (11, 2012). Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/ IMPLEMENTATION -Assess respiratory rate every 10-15 minutes Continuously note chest movement and use of accessory muscles during respiration -Auscultate breath sounds and note any areas with adventitious sounds, especially wet crackles -Document any respiratory secretions such as sputum: amount, character, and consistency -Keep patient in high Fowler’s position to allow optimum breathing -Check for obstructions or accumulation of sputum -Ask patient level of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10 -Record medication administrations and if therapeutic effects are occurring -Describe procedures and treatment expectations Encourage patient to follow drug regimens IMPLEMENTATION -Assess respiratory rate every 10-15 minutes -Continuously note chest movement and use of accessory muscles during respiration -Auscultate breath sounds and note any areas with adventitious sounds, especially wet crackles -Document any respiratory secretions such as sputum: amount, character, and consistency -Keep patient in high Fowler’s position to allow optimum breathing -Check for obstructions or accumulation of sputum -Ask patient level of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10 Record medication administrations and if therapeutic effects are occurring -Describe procedu res and treatment expectations -Encourage patient to follow drug regimens PLANNING -Goals include treating any abnormal results such as dyspnea, abnormal breath sounds, irritability, and reducing or eliminating sputum levels -Give patient therapeutic effects regarding abnormalities found with little or no side effects -Help patient in making lifestyle changes that include making a safer work and home environment and getting the people who have the most contact with the patient treatment PLANNING Goals include treating any abnormal results such as dyspnea, abnormal breath sounds, irritability, and reducing or eliminating sputum levels -Give patient therapeutic effects regarding abnormalities found with little or no side effects -Help patient in making lifestyle changes that include making a safer work and home environment and getting the people who have the most contact with the patient treatment TUBERCULOSIS TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS Ineffective airway clearance related to poor cough e ffort as evidenced by abnormal breath sounds and dyspnea -Risk for infection related to settled secretions as evidenced by wet adventitious lung sounds such as crackles, and excessive sputum -Deficient knowledge related to condition, treatment plan, self-care and discharge needs as evidenced by questions/requests for information, statements about the problem, and the development of preventable complications DIAGNOSIS -Ineffective airway clearance related to poor cough effort as evidenced by abnormal breath sounds and dyspnea -Risk for infection related to settled ecretions as evidenced by wet adventitious lung sounds such as crackles, and excessive sputum -Deficient knowledge related to condition, treatment plan, self-care and discharge needs as evidenced by questions/requests for information, statements about the problem, and the development of preventable complications ASSESSMENT -Check for vitals; check for abnormal breath sounds, especially for wet crackles on inspiration -Asses s for dyspnea, if using accessory muscles for respirations, or if the pt has elevated shoulders -Assess level, color, and consistency of any sputum Check for restlessness, irritability, or anxiousness -Report history of the patient, any existing illnesses such as pneumonia, cancer, family hx, workplace, home life, and lifestyle ASSESSMENT -Check for vitals; check for abnormal breath sounds, especially for wet crackles on inspiration -Assess for dyspnea, if using accessory muscles for respirations, or if the pt has elevated shoulders -Assess level, color, and consistency of any sputum -Check for restlessness, irritability, or anxiousness Report history of the patient, any existing illnesses such as pneumonia, cancer, family hx, workplace, home life, and lifestyle NURSING PROCESS NURSING PROCESS EVALUATION -Assess if medication and procedures are performing therapeutic effects -Check for levels of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10, make sure vitals and lab results are within normal r anges -Check if patient’s secretion amount diminished or stopped -Assess if patient’s restlessness and irritability was alleviated -Check if patient is continuously taking prescribed medications to prevent spread of disease EVALUATION Assess if medication and procedures are performing therapeutic effects -Check for levels of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10, make sure vitals and lab results are within normal ranges -Check if patient’s secretion amount diminished or stopped -Assess if patient’s restlessness and irritability was alleviated -Check if patient is continuously taking prescribed medications to prevent spread of disease ETIOLOGY -Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. uberculosis) by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person, resulting in primary TB -Risk factors include those who life with others who have active TB, poor or homeless people, elderly, infants, nursing home residents, prison inmates, al coholics, IV drug users, those with malnutrition, working in health care, workers in refugee camps -Factors that elevate chances include diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, chemotherapy, and certain types of drugs ETIOLOGY Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) by breathing in air droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person, resulting in primary TB -Risk factors include those who life with others who have active TB, poor or homeless people, elderly, infants, nursing home residents, prison inmates, alcoholics, IV drug users, those with malnutrition, working in health care, workers in refugee camps -Factors that elevate chances include diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, chemotherapy, and certain types of drugs Concept Map Tuberculosis Essay Body Paragraphs PATHOGENESIS -Droplets of fluid containing tubercle bacilli are released into the air and are taken into the nasal passages and lungs of a susceptible person nearby -Once inhaled, tubercle bacilli reach alveoli where macrophages take them up; bacilli then multiply and spread through lymph vessels into the lymph nodes and finally to distant organs; can remain ‘alive’ or become ‘inactive’ -Immune system responds which causes damage to the tissues; cells attack the bacilli, thus killing the infection PATHOGENESIS -Droplets of fluid containing tubercle bacilli are released into the air and are taken into the nasal passages and lungs of a susceptible person nearby -Once inhaled, tubercle bacilli reach alveoli where macrophages take them up; bacilli then multiply and spread through lymph vessels into the lymph nodes and finally to distant organs; can remain ‘alive’ or become ‘inactive’ -Immune system responds which causes damage to the ti ssues; cells attack the bacilli, thus killing the infection SIGNS/SYMPTOMS -Common symptoms include unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite -Cough persisting three weeks or more, coughing up blood or sputum, or chest pain when breathing or coughing -If spread, TB of the spine leads to back pain and TB of the kidneys cause blood in the urine SIGNS/SYMPTOMS Common symptoms include unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite -Cough persisting three weeks or more, coughing up blood or sputum, or chest pain when breathing or coughing -If spread, TB of the spine leads to back pain and TB of the kidneys cause blood in the urine COMPLICATIONS -Medicines for TB can cause side effects such as liver problems, changes in vision, orange/brown colored tears or urine, rash -TB of the bones: joint destruction -TB of the brain: meningitis; swelling TB of liver or kidneys: impaired filtering of waste -TB of the heart: inf lammation; fluid collections; impaired pumping abilities; cardiac tamponade COMPLICATIONS -Medicines for TB can cause side effects such as liver problems, changes in vision, orange/brown colored tears or urine, rash -TB of the bones: joint destruction -TB of the brain: meningitis; swelling -TB of liver or kidneys: impaired filtering of waste -TB of the heart: inflammation; fluid collections; impaired pumping abilities; cardiac tamponade TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT Patient recommended to stay in isolation and on bed rest until no longer contagious -Inactive TB: antibiotic called isoniazid (INH) is prescribed for six to twelve months; not prescribed to pregnant women; can cause liver damage and peripheral neuropathy -Active TB: INH is also prescribed along with rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide; may also receive streptomycin; may be taken from months to years -Drug resistant TB: everything with active TB with several other drugs; longer treatment; may require surgery to remove damaged lung tissue TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT Patient recommended to stay in isolation and on bed rest until no longer contagious -Inactive TB: antibiotic called isoniazid (INH) is prescribed for six to twelve months; not prescribed to pregnant women; can cause liver damage and peripheral neuropathy -Active TB: INH is also prescribed along with rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide; may also receive streptomycin; may be taken from months to years -Drug resistant TB: everything with active TB with several other drugs; longer treatment; may require surgery to remove damaged lung tissue We will write a custom essay sample on Concept Map Tuberculosis Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Concept Map Tuberculosis Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Concept Map Tuberculosis Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Marjorie Joyner and the Wave Machine

Marjorie Joyner and the Wave Machine An employee of  Madame Walkers  empire, Majorie Joyner invented a permanent wave machine. This device, patented in 1928, curled or permed womens hair for a relatively lengthy period of time. The wave machine was popular among women white and black allowing for longer-lasting wavy hair styles. Joyner went on to become a prominent figure in Walkers industry. Early Years Joyner was born in 1896 in the rural Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia and moved in 1912 to Chicago to go to school study cosmetology.   She was the granddaughter of a white slave owner and a slave. Joyner graduated from A.B. Molar Beauty School in Chicago in 1916. She was the first  African-American  to achieve this. At the beauty school, she  met  Madame C. J. Walker, an African-American beauty entrepreneur who owned a cosmetic empire. Always an advocate of beauty for women, Joyner went to work for Walker and oversaw 200 of her beauty schools, working as the national adviser. One of her major duties was sending Walkers hair stylists door-to-door, dressed in black skirts and white blouses with black satchels, containing a range of beauty products that were applied  in  the customers house. Joyner taught some 15,000 stylists over her 50-year career.   Wave Machine Joyner was also a leader in developing new products, such as her permanent wave machine. She  invented her wave machine as a solution to the hair problems of African-American women. Joyner took her inspiration from a pot roast. She cooked with paper pins to shorten prep time. She experimented initially with these paper rods and soon designed a table that could be used to curl or straighten hair by wrapping it on rods above the persons head and then cooking them to set the hair. Using this method, hairstyles would last several days. Joyners design was popular in  salons  with both African-American and white women. Joyner never profited  from  her invention, however, because Madame Walker owned the rights.  In 1987, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington opened an exhibit featuring Joyners permanent wave machine and a replica of her original salon.   Other Contributions Joyner also helped write the first cosmetology laws for the state of  Illinois,  and founded both a sorority and a national association for black beauticians. Joyner was friends with Eleanor  Roosevelt,  and helped found the  National Council of Negro Women. She was an advisor to the Democratic National Committee in the   1940s,  and advised several New Deal agencies trying to reach out to black women. Joyner was highly visible in the Chicago black community, as head of the  Chicago Defender  Charity network, and fundraiser for various schools.   Together with Mary Bethune Mcleod, Joyner founded the United Beauty School Owners and Teachers Association.  In 1973, at the age of 77, she was awarded a bachelors degree in psychology from  Bethune-Cookman College  in  Daytona Beach, Florida. Joyner also volunteered for several charities that helped house, educate, and find work for African Americans during the Great Depression.

Discussion broad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion broad - Essay Example Based on the Output KPIs under the second objective, help grow membership, strength of brand identity is considered. However, under attitudinal and behavioral KPIs, there are no measurement tools to show the relevance of the target output KPI, strength of brand identity. In this case, the use of survey questions to identify what effect brand strength has on membership is recommended. Additionally, the behavioral KPIs should show change in page views based on recognition of brand strength. The current lack of attitudinal and behavioral KPIs indicating the role and influence of brand strength on membership merits the recommendation of a survey to showcase the associated impact of brand strength on membership growth (Paine, 2011). Under the third communication objective, the Boston IABC website, a recommendation for Output KIPs targets the number of individuals sharing a common goal that can yield to stronger relationships among chapter members. By simple counting or use of metrics in terms of percentage, output KIPs should be able to show how effective calendar events are at bringing certain members together. Additionally, under the attitudinal KIPs, focus group analysis should be considered to indicate how much of current chapter members attend similar events and how many members have distinct tastes for events. Under the Behavioral KPIs, metrics should be used to determine the rate of change in return visitors. While event registration and activity on social media can be used to strengthen relationships, the rate at which members register for the same calendar events as well as rate of attendance for certain events over others is essential in determining how successful the communication objective is (Paine ,

System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

System Analysis - Essay Example The problem underlying here is that an online system is required for the company through which it can sell/rent its products as part of usual business. Apart from the usual business, TWE can also provide various offers which will bring customers to use its services. Therefore, an online system should be developed to cater to these needs. Once the basic requirements are accomplished, we can even work towards getting more out of the online system. The details of what all the system can do will be explained later in the text. Specify Preferences - people who wish to purchase will be given user account. They can then login through their account and can create their wish lists according to their desired preferences. Here, we will also enable the user to purchase or use rental services from TWE. Rental Services - an option will be given to the customers where they can rent any video or music item even without specifying a due date. This will enable the customers to enjoy the benefits for a longer period without being subjected to late fees. TWE first started in 1977 as a music sales store. Sales were steady and profit kept on increasing. Thus TWE soon became a chain of stores. In 1981, a new product was added - video games. Slowly TWE became a joint music and video store. Through the later 1980s, TWE had many outlets nationwide. Hence it was decided to take it international. Since then, TWE has grown tremendously in national as well as international market. The current status is that TWE now employs 2340 employees and has world revenues of 1.7 million as of January 2008. The sales of TWE has ever increased but currently we will focus on capturing the market online as well. An online system further increases the sales of any company as it is available to a wider audience. Feasibility Study With the introduction of the online process, we need to take care of the feasibility. Operational feasibility - in operations point of view, there seems to be no constraints as TWE has a fine team of IT professionals comprising of developers, designers, programmers, analysts etc. Technical feasibility - the website will need to be developed using HTML as front end, and Oracle database as the backend. For the middleware, we can use any of JSP, ASP, ASP.NET etc. it depends on the programmers and developers how they want to design their website. Economic feasibility - initially website needs to be registered with the suggested name of the site. Depending upon the availability, the suggested name can be used for the website. This registration would involve

Accessing The Deep Web Computer Science Essay

Accessing The Deep Web Computer Science Essay The World Wide Web has grown from few thousand web pages in 1993 to almost 2 billion web pages at present. It is a big source of information sharing. This source of information is available in different forms; text, images, audio, video, tables etc. People use this information via web browsers. Web browser is an application to browse web on internet. Search engines are used to search specific data from the pool of heterogeneous information [1]. In the rest of this chapter I will how people can search relevant information, how search engine works, what a crawler is, how it works, and what related literature about the particular problem is. SEARCH ENGINE A search engine is a program to search for information on the internet. The results against a search query given by user are presented in a list on a web page. Each result is a link to some web page that contains the specific information against the given query. The information can be a web page, an audio or video file, or a multimedia document. Web search engines work by storing information in its database. This information is collected by crawling each link on a given web site. Google is considered a most powerful and heavily used search engine in these days. It is a large scale general purpose search engine which can crawl and index millions of web pages every day [7]. It provides a good start for information retrieval but may be insufficient to manage complex information inquiries those requires some extra knowledge. WEB CRAWLER A web crawler is a computer program which is use to browse the World Wide Web in a automatic and systematic manner. It browses the web and save the visited data in database for future use. Search engines use crawler to crawl and index the web to make the information retrieval easy and efficient [4]. A conventional web crawler can only retrieve surface web. To crawl and index the hidden or deep web requires extra effort. Surface web is the portion of web which can be indexed by conventional search engine [11]. Deep or hidden web is a portion of web which cannot be crawled and indexed by conventional search engine [10]. DEEP WEB AND DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO DISCOVER IT Deep web is a part of web which is not part of surface web and lies behind HTML forms or the dynamic web [10]. Deep web content can be classified into following forms; Dynamic Content: this is a type of web contents which are accessed by submitting some input value in a form. Such kind of web requires domain knowledge and without having knowledge, navigating is very hard. Unlinked Content: These are the pages which are not linked in other pages. This thing may prevent it from crawling by search engine. Private Web: These are the sites which require registration and login information. Contextual Web: These are the web pages which are varying for different access context. Limited Access Content: These are site which limit its access to their pages. Scripted Content: This is a portion of web which is only accessible through links produced by JavaScript as well as content dynamically invoke by AJAX functions. Non-HTML/ Text Content: The textual contents which are encoded in images or multimedia files cannot handled by search engines.[6] All these create a problem for search engine and for public because a lot of information is invisible and a common user of search engine even donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know that might be the most important information is not accessible by him/her just because of above properties of web applications. The Deep Web is also believed that it is a big source of structured data on the web and retrieving it is a big challenge for data management community. In fact, this is a myth that deep web is based on structured data which is in fact not true because deep web is a significant source of data most of which is structured but not only one. [8]. Researchers are trying to find out the way to crawl the deep web content and they have succeeded in this regard but still there are a lot of future research problems. One way to search deep web content is domain specific search engine or vertical search engine such as worldwidescience.org and science.org. These search tools are providing a link to national and international scientific databases or portals [7]. In literature there are two other techniques to crawl the deep web content; Virtual Integration and Surfacing. The virtual integration is used in vertical search engine for specific domains like cars, books, research work etc. In this technique a mediator form is created for each domain and semantic mappings between individual data and mediator form. This technique is not suitable for standard search engine because creating mediator forms and mappings cost very high. Secondly, indentifying queries relevant to each domain is a big challenge and the last is that information on we b is about everything and boundaries cannot be clearly defined. Surfacing uses a technique to pre-calculate the most relevant input value for all appealing HTML forms. The URLs resulting from these form submission are produced off-line and indexed like a normal URL. When user query for a web page which is in fact a deep web content, search engine automatically fill the form and show the link to user. Google uses this technique to crawl deep web content. This technique is unable to surface scripted content [5]. Today most web applications are AJAX based because it reduced the surfing effort of user and network traffic [12, 14]. Gmail, yahoo mail, hotmail and Google maps are famous AJAX applications. The major goal of AJAX based applications is to enhance the user experience by running client code in browser instead of refreshing the page from server. The second goal is to reduce the network traffic. This is achieved by refreshing only a part of page from server [14]. AJAX has its own limitations. AJAX applications refresh its content without changing URL which is a worm for crawler because crawlers are unable to identify new state. It is like a single page web site. So, it is essential to explore some mechanism to make AJAX crawl-able. To surface the web contents those are only accessible through JavaScript as well as contents behind URLs dynamically downloaded from web server via AJAX functions [5], there are different hurdles those are prevent the web to expose in front of crawlers; Search engines pre-cache the web site and crawl locally. AJAX applications are event based so events cannot be cached. AJAX applications are event based so there may be several events that lead to the same state because of same underlying JavaScript function is used to provide the content. It is necessary to identify redundant states to optimize the crawling results [14]. The entry point to the deep web is a form. When a crawler finds a form, it needs to guess the data to fill out the form [15, 16]. In this situation crawler needs to react like a human. There are many solutions to resolve these problems but all have their limitations. Some application developer provides custom search engine or they expose web content to traditional search engine based on agreement. This is a manual solution and requires extra contribution from application developers [9]. Some web developers provide vertical search engine on their web site which is used to search specific information about their web site. There are many companies which have two interfaces of their web site. One is dynamic interface for users convenient and one is alternate static view for crawlers. These solutions only discover the states and events of AJAX based web content and ignore the web content behind AJAX forms. This research work is going to propose solution to discover the web content behind AJAX based forms. Google has proposed a solution but still this project is undergone [9]. The process of crawling web behind AJAX application becomes more complicated when a form encounters and crawler needs to identify the domain of the form to fill out the data in form to crawl the page. Another problem is that no form has the same structure. For example, a user looking for a car finds different kind of form than a user looking for a book. Hence there are different form schemas which make reading and understanding of form more complicated. To make the forms crawler read-able and understand-able, the whole web should be classified in small categories, each category belongs to a different domain and each domain has a common form schema which is not possible. There is another approach, focused crawler. Focused crawlers try to retrieve only a subset of the pages which contains most relevant information against a particular topic. This approach leads to better indexing and efficient searching than the first approach [17]. This approach will not work in some situations where a form has a parent form. For example, a student fills a registration form. He/she enters country name in a field and next combo dynamically load city names of that particular country. To crawl the web behind AJAX forms, crawler needs special functionality. CRAWLING AJAX Traditional web crawlers discover new web pages by starting from known web pages in web directory. Crawler examines a web page and extracts new links (URLs) and then follows these links to discover new web pages. In other words, the whole web is a directed graph and a crawler traverse the graph by a traversal algorithm [7]. As mentioned above, AJAX based web is like a single page application. So, crawlers are unable to crawl the whole web which is AJAX based. AJAX applications have a series of events and states. Each event is act as an edge and states act as nodes. Crawling states is already done in [14, 18], but this research is left the portion of web which is behind AJAX forms. The focus of this thesis is to crawl web behind AJAX forms. INDEXING Indexing means creating and managing index of document for making searching and accessing desired data easy and fast. The web indexing is all about creating indexes for different web sites and HTML documents. These indexes are used by search engine for making their searching fast and efficient [19]. The major goal of any search engine is to create database of larger indexes. Indexes are based on organized information such as topics and names that serve as entry point to go directly to desired information within a corpus of documents [20]. If the web crawler index has enough space for web pages, then those web pages should be the most relevant to the particular topic. A good web index can be maintained by extracting all relevant web pages from as many different servers as possible. Traditional web crawler takes the following approach: it uses a modified breadth-first algorithm to ensure that every server has at least one web page represented in the index. Every time, when a crawler en counters a new web page on a new server, it retrieves all its pages and indexes them with relevant information for future use [7, 21]. The index contains the key words in each document on web, with pointers to their locations within the documents. This index is called an inverted file. I have used this strategy to index the web behind AJAX forms. QUERY PROCESSER Query processor processes query entered by user in order to match results from index file. User enters his/her request in the form of a query and query processor retrieves some or all links and documents from index file that contains the information related to the query and present to the user in a list of results [7, 14]. This is a simple interface that can find relevant information with ease. Query processors are normally built by breadth first search which make sure that every single server containing relevant information has many web pages represented in the index file [17]. This kind of design is important for users, as they can usually navigate within a server more easily that navigating across many servers. If a crawler discovers a server as containing useful data, user will possibly be able to search what they are searching for. Review this after implementing query processor in my thesis. RESULT COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION Search results are displayed to user in the form list. The list contains the URLs and words those matches to the search query entered by user. When user make a query, query processor match it with index, find relevant match and display all them in result page [7]. There are several result collection and representation techniques are available. One of them is grouping similar web pages based on the rate of occurrence of a particular key words on different web pages [15]. Need a review CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS CHAPTER 5 FUTURE WORK CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION

‘The Great Gatsby’ is an interesting novella about the intertwining lives of those who are striving for the artificial American Dream

‘The Great Gatsby' is an interesting novella about the intertwining lives of those who are striving for the artificial American Dream. It is a story of contrasts: the rich and poor, the loved and unloved and the different aspects of society that are shown in this passage through dramatic symbolism and highly structured parallels. The parallels between the first and third chapters show rich and privileged lifestyles, first the life of Tom and Daisy then Gatsby's party. This passage is conveniently placed between the two to show the â€Å"real world† of the likes of Wilson and other â€Å"sickly†, â€Å"ash-grey men†. It helps us to understand Myrtle as a character. Her hopes and dreams to get away from this life that is a constant struggle. This also describes the way both Gasby and the author Fitzgerald lived as children, and therefore their reasons to follow their dreams and aspire to something better. These parallels are a typical example of how novella's are tightly structured. We are led to believe that Nick is the narrator of this passage, however Nick has never been to the area before so when it is described cinematically and we are told of how passengers on trains wait â€Å"for as long as half an hour† we realize Nick could not have previously known this and therefore it is told to us directly by Fitzgerald. This poses a problem because the reader knows and trusts Nick but not Fitzgerald so he manipulates the reader into thinking it is Nick so that we believe him. The drawbridge in the final paragraph symbolises how it is not easily to get out of the Valley of Ashes, reflecting how it is not easy to get out of a hard life and achieve the American Dream. Myrtle tries hard in the novella to do this, and for a while Gatsby does, which is one reason why we see him as a hero. Images of how the American Dream has died are shown in the â€Å"Valley of Ashes†. Ash is symbolic of death, as in â€Å"ashes to ashes, dust to dust†, a traditional phrase at funerals. In the Valley of Ashes everything is bare, dull, lifeless and dead. It is based on the Corona Dump in Queens, which Fitzgerald famously resented on sight. He also nicknamed the Corona Dump the â€Å"Valley of Ashes†. ‘Of Mice and Men' by John Steinbeck also mentions â€Å"ash pile† in the beginning of the novel about the struggle to reach an American Dream. Death is represented by ash later on in the novella when Gatsby is described as â€Å"ashen† after his death. He was born in ash and died as ash. His life started as a struggle in a poor area and although he died wealthy, he still died in ash. The dust which â€Å"drifts endlessly† could symbolise shards of the American Dream which are helplessly out of reach of the people who live here, but drift in the air to taunt them about what they could become. The empty valley of ashes reflects the empty lives of the people who live in it. â€Å"Occasionally† grey cars enter the â€Å"desolate† area, so they made occasional breaks in the emptiness. This is parallel to the empty lives of the inhabitants. Occasionally there is a break and they have visions of hope, such as Myrtle's aspiration to be rich in a life with Tom. This also reflects Gatsby's funeral which was empty apart from Nick and Gatsby's father. Fitzgerald thought of himself as a failure as his writings were not particularly successful during his lifetime, so he may have had himself in mind when describing these lives wih failed hopes and empty dreams. This passage also gives the impression that morality in the modern world has died. As its place in the novel, the passage is between Nick meeting Tom's wife and Tom's mistress, his situation proves Tom's lack of morals. The passage is the no-mans land between the two women. Nick, the only character proved to have morals in the novella, is introduced to the â€Å"eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg† on an advertising board. The â€Å"blue and gigantic† eyes look down over the Valley of Ashes and this could be interpreted as God watching over his world. This idea is later strengthened when Wilson looks up at him and refers to him directly as God. Eckleburg, however, wears â€Å"enormous yellow spectacles† and also his vision is clouded with dust, and as we see God as our ‘all-seeing' moral guide, this could symbolise a lack of moral guidance in the jazz age of the 1920's. There is no-one to show people the way. Doctor T. J. Eckleburg is another good example of sym bolism in the passage. Sight is the link between the three paragraphs of this passage. It moves from sight being obscured by ash and dust, to clarity of sight which is implied by how suddenly the narration switches from grey and dull areas to the bright colours blue and yellow on the ‘all-seeing' symbol of T. J. Eckleburg, to train passegers observing what's going on. These are the three ways that Fitzgerald wants us to see the characters, from all angles. An example is how we learn about Gatsby and his life becomes clearer to us by the end of the novella. Life and death are symbolised by T. J. Eckleburg and ash in this passage and they are described intertwined so as to make it impossible to work out where one ends and another begins. However, mostly this passage is mostly about death: the death of morality, the American Dream and the death of hope. Without these three things, the lives of the people in the area were totally meaningless. Tony Tanners' quote about how the narrator respnds reflects the readers response to this realisation. â€Å"Nick cannot tolerate the thought of confronting a reality that is merely poor and bare, dust-covered and wrecked. There must be more than that.†

Marketing and Starbucks Essay

1.0 Introduction: The Starbucks Corporation was founded by three entrepreneurs at the place called Seattle in 1971. Initially they were selling of whole bean coffee in one Seattle store and by the year 1982 the business had grown tremendously and has opened five stores selling the coffee beans, a roasting facility, and a wholesale business for local restaurants. When the Starbucks started its business it was only a small retail coffee shop as like the other coffee shops. The main vision of the Starbucks owners was to educate customers about the fine coffees and feel the smell of the Dark roasted coffee, selling just the coffee was not their aim as the coffee was sold in the USA since 1960’s (Starbucks case study). Howard Schultz was recruited as the manager of retail and marketing and it was Howard who brought new ideas to the owners, but he was turned down. Schultz in turn opened his own coffee bar was named Il Giornale in 1986 based on Italian coffee cafes, selling brewed Starbucks coffee. By 1987, Schultz had expanded to three coffee bars and bought Starbucks from the original owners for $4 million and changed the name of his coffee bars from Il Giornale to Starbucks. His intention for the company was to grow slowly with a very solid foundation. For the first two years, Starbucks losses doubled as overhead and operating expenses increased with Starbucks expansion. Schultz stood his ground and did not sacrifice long term integrity and values for short-term profit. By 1991, Starbucks sales increased by 84% and the company were out of debt. Starbucks grew to 20 stores by 1988. By 1996 it grew to 870 stores with plans to open 2000 stores by the year 2000. 2.0 Marketing stategyof Starbuks: Marketing strategy is carrying out segmentation, targeting and positioning. Doing the detailed understanding of the marketplace into strategic decisions and the targeting of appropriate customer groups. This targeting should emphasise on any differential advantages and adopt a suitable positioning within the target segments (Dibb and Simkin, 1996). Starbucks has adopted a Differentiation strategy it is a strategy which seeks to provide product or service that offer benefits and should be different from competitors that are widely valued by customers. The aim this strategy is to achieve advantage by offering better products or services at same or higher price. When Starbucks was launched there were many coffee bars in the United States at that time but Starbucks wanted to stand unique from the others. Marketing has powerful potential to contribute to the highly important aspects of the organisational competitiveness, namely innovation (Kerin, 1992) and competitive analysis (Varadarajan, 1992) and Schulz wanted to innovate and recreate the experience of the Italian coffee bar culture. Starbucks mainly focused on the strategy of new products, a stronger connection with the customers as the Third place and expanding store locations in the United States and abroad. Starbucks has followed the simple STP process (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning). 2.1 Segmentation: Market Segmentation is a process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics, or behaviour that might require separate products or marketing programs is called Market Segmentation (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). Initially Starbucks was based as a Socio-Economic segmentation base in consumer Markets as it has concentrated on social class particularly the business class people those who are working at the office and wanted to have a cup of coffee with a good atmosphere and facilities. Starbucks also had segmented his market by geographic and demographically by selecting the store location where they can find the educated and coffee lovers (Dibb and Simkin, 1996). 2.2Targeting: After a company has defined market segments, it can enter one or many segments of a given market and should make decision about how many and which customer groups to target (Dibb and Simkin, 1996). Target Marketing is a process of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). The concept of target marketing is a logical implication of the basic philosophy of marketing (Lancaster and Massingham, 1993). A company should target segments in which it can profitably generate the greatest customer value and sustain it overtime. Starbucks wanted to develop a reputable relationship with the customers, Most of companies enter in a new market y serving a single segment, and if this proves successful than they add more segments, initially Starbucks did the same thing targeted the parents with the young children and it was hit concept and it has added more segments by including Teenagers and developed its product range also (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). 2.3 Positioning: Once the company has decided which market segments to enter it should decide what positions it wants to occupy in those segments. Market Positioning is arranging for a product to occupy clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target customers. A products position is the place that the product occupies relative to competitors in consumers minds. Here in this case the Starbucks has developed a unique market position for their products because if a product is to be exactly same like the others on the market than consumers would have no reason to buy it. Starbucks has positioned themselves in the market as a highly reputed brand (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). In this case Starbucks has planned his positioning in such a way that it distinguish their products from competing brands and give them the greatest strategic advantage in their target markets. Starbucks has a descriptively simple statement to inspire and nurture the human spirit-â€Å"one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time†. Starbucks positioning strategy was customer base so that it can give the best service more than what the customers expect. Starbucks has gained a competitive advantage over customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction as Starbucks had developed its positioning strategy based on the customer and provided the utmost facility in terms of layout, furniture to the music, and in terms of employee satisfaction Starbucks make employee as a partners and gave them a personal security with a freedom to participate in the every decision of the business and make it successful (Porter & Miller, 1985, Porter, 1998). 3.0 Developing Marketing Mix: One of the major concepts in the modern marketing is once the company has decided its overall marketing strategy than it should plan the details of the marketing mix. â€Å"Marketing mix is the set of controllable, tactical marketing tools (product, price, place, and promotion) that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market† (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). Starbucks has a made good decisions on marketing mix tools 3.1 Product: â€Å"Product means the goods and services combination the company offers to the target market†. Starbucks has used Brand name, Quality, Variety and Services as their Product tool which can be concluded by this statement, Starbucks with a good Brand name provides best Quality and with the Variety of Products, it has adopted Quality improvement strategy (Kotler and Keller, 2009). Initially Starbucks started with the coffee than it has included non-fat milk, cold blended beverages. Later on stated seasonal offerings such as strawberry and cream Frappuccino, gingerbread latte with some food items like cookies and pastries. Before launching the products Starbucks was getting the approval of the customers. 3.2 Price: â€Å"Price is the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain the product†. Though the Price of the Starbucks was higher than the other coffee shops, the customers were ready to pay the amount because Starbucks has developed a luxurious image with all the facilities inside the store. Starbucks as a good Brand have offered more benefits and facilities and the best quality of products to justify their higher prices (Kotler et al, 2006). 3.3 Distribution and Service: Starbucks has a good distribution channels initially it was selling coffee beans and doing wholesale business for local restaurants. In terms of service and location Starbucks opened the stores in a such a way that it can reach to targeted customers and it has also gave more stress on giving the best customer service by spending a lot of money by training its employees (Starbucks case study). 3.4 Promotion: Starbucks initially did not use the advertising tool for promotion but it was the Public relations and the Personal selling tool that helped the Starbucks to achieve its target

The Harappan Civilization And The Civilization - 1365 Words

The Harappan Civilization, or Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most prosperous ancient civilizations in its heyday. Major urban areas exhibited advanced infrastructure, including organized streets and paths, a sophisticated sewage system, and an operating method for drainage. However, a few thousand years after it was at its peak, the civilization began to decline, and eventually it collapsed. Today, the ruins of the ancient civilization remain, and much about the civilization’s cities and social and life can be concluded from the archeological evidence. However, one aspect of the civilization still remains an enigma to scientists today: how did such a flourishing civilization, with thousands of people, collapse so suddenly and easily? Some theorists argue that the invasion of another group of people, the Aryans, caused the collapse of the Harappans. Others argue it was incessant natural disasters that caused the civilization to crumble. However, the most plausible co nclusion is that the demise of the Harappans was caused by a combination of three factors: increased urbanization which contributed to the spread of epidemics, a change in the universal climate which lead to an abnormality in monsoon patterns and a decline in vital resources, and social conflicts and changes leading to de-urbanization in major areas. The biggest factor that contributed to the fall of the Harappans was climate change. Even today, climate change has affected civilization tremendously,Show MoreRelated The Harappan Civilization1105 Words   |  4 Pages The Indus River Valley, located in present day Pakistan was a full-fledged civilization that emerged in 3300 B.C.E. The Harappan Civilization, stretching from present day Afghanistan to Pakistan contained vast amounts of small communities. The society was very technologically advanced and somewhat modeled the fundamentals of the society we live in today. The Harappan society was one of the earliest to have a system of writing; however historians have still not interpreted them today. NeverthelessRead MoreThe Origins Of The Harappan Civilization1060 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the Harappan civilization began to decline, the Aryans filled the power vacuum. The Aryans were to become the new race of Indians, spreading throughout the entire Indian subcontinent. They witnessed the implementation of the caste system into Indian society and the development of the earliest Indian religion: Brahmanism. The caste system determined what people would do everyday and divided the population by social status, playing a huge role in the entire society. Brahmanism was widely acceptedRead More The Harrapan Civilization Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesThe Harrapan Civilization The Indus Valley, or Harrapan, civilization was discovered in 1920-21 when engraved seals were discovered near present-day Sahiwal in Pakistani Punjab at a place called Harappa. Excavations at Mohenjodaro in Sind discovered the buried remains of a civilization with a pictographic script. The Harappans first settled sites along the Indus River. This civilization extended to the Yamuna along the bed of the river Ghaggar in Rajhastan, Gujrat and up to the mouths of the riversRead MoreEssay about Harappa and Aryans 1500 B.C.E1299 Words   |  6 PagesAll the historical cities from older times have many common features in construction as well as in society, government, religion, and culture. The uniformity among Harappan cities reveals a society that valued order, organization, and cleanliness. Administrators used the same pattern, carefully laying out the cities using a north-south grid pattern with wide streets and large rectangular city blocks. They built most buildings of sturdy bake d brick molded to a standardized size. Residential and commercialRead MoreComparison of Civilizations in the Ancient World Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesEarly civilization consisted of core values that defined the communities that resided within it. These communities were driven by numerous factors in which would decide the overall outcome of the civilization. Geography, social and economic values, and they’re culture all played an important role in the makeup of these civilizations. Mesopotamia was a successful farming community early on. Utilizing the Tigris and Euphrates rivers this community was able to create a successful way of farming throughRead MoreDescribe The Relationship Between Ancient Civilizations1023 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Civilizations In this essay I will be explaining the relationship between four ancient civilizations. These civilizations include; Mesopotamia, India, China and Egypt. Not only will I be explaining the relationship between these four civilizations, I will also be explaining how the geography of these civilizations relate to religion, social classes,and writing. Paragraph 1 - Describe land and water forms The geography of these four civilizations are very important aspect of their cultureRead MoreIndus Valley Civilization Essay725 Words   |  3 PagesThe Indus Valley civilization is located in India along the Indus River. India is a subcontinent in a region known as South Asia. Two capital cities in this area are Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. To this day it includes three out of ten of the world’s most populous countries, two mountain nations, and an island nation. Which includes India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh(countries), Nepal and Bhutan(mountains), and Sri Lanka(island). The Indus civilization lasted from 2600 to 1900 B.C. and was known asRead MoreCause of the Disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization1675 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many theories as to the cause of the disappearance of the Indus valley civilization, including violent conflict with the Aryans, intermarriage with the Aryans, floods, drought, and/or decline in trade with other societies. Topic 1: On several occasions in class, we discussed the processes of accretion and syncretism. Describe and analyze the cross-cultural influences in a Mediterranean and Indus Valley context. Your essay should provide examples of cultural (remember the components ofRead MoreOrigins Of India And China1135 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyze two major dynasties of their early civilization the Mauryan Empire from India and the Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty. The start of India’s long civilization dates back to the third and fourth millennia, when the Harappan society was thriving. This society was a large, diverse society that covered a vast area of 600,000 sq. miles. Then around 1500 BCE the Harappan civilization collapsed, in which is still a mystery today. After the fall of the Harappan civilization, a nomadic group came in none as theRead MoreGeography Of The Indian Subcontinent871 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of civilization there greatly, because of how diverse India is. The geography of the Indian subcontinent had a big affect not only with the development of civilization, but on economics, religion and social order as well. The Indian subcontinent is diverse in many ways, such as the array of languages, as well as the reputation of being a â€Å"cradle of religion† which created two of the world’s major religions, Hinduism and Buddhism(p. 38). For example, in civilizations such as the Harappan civilization